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[单项选择]Among the Plains Indians, two separate strains of decorative art evolved, the figurative, representational art created by the men of the tribe, and the geometric, abstract art crafted by the women. According to Dunn and Highwater, the artist’s sex governed both the kind of article to be decorated and the style to be followed in its ornamentation. Thus, the decorative works created by tribesmen consistently depict living creatures (men, horses, buffalo) or magical beings (ghosts and other supernatural life-forms). Those created by women, however, are clearly nonrepresentational: no figures of men or animals appear in this classically geometric art.
Art historians theorize that this abstract, geometric art, traditionally the prerogative of the women, predates the figurative art of the men. Descending from those aspects of Woodland culture that gave rise to weaving, quillwork, and beadwork, it is a utilitarian art, intended for the embellishment of ordinary, serviceable objects su
A. men and women in tribal life
B. sex and the art
C. Indian decorative works
D. design specialization in indian art
[简答题]Settlers of the Plains also had to contend with social isolation. The European pattern, whereby farmers lived together in a village and traveled each day to their nearby fields, was rare in the American West. Instead, various peculiarities of land division compelled the rural dwellers to live apart from each other. The Homestead Act of 1862 and other measures adopted to facilitate western settlement offered free or cheap plots to people who would live on and improve their property. Because most homesteads and other plots acquired by small farmers were rectangular--usually encompassing 160 acres—at most four families could live near each other, but only if they congregated around the same four-corner boundary intersection. In practice, farmers usually lived back from their boundary lines, and at least a half-mile separated farmhouses. Often adjacent land was unoccupied, making neighbors even more distant.
Many observers wrote about the loneliness and monotony of life on the Plains.
[单项选择]A tribe of Plains Indians, the Assiniboins, had the distinction of hunting on foot. During the winter months the hunters wore snowshoes to chase the buffalo into the deep snow, where the animals were easily killed, The Assiniboins were thrifty people who utilized all of their dead prey: the meat was their food; their clothing came from the hides; their tools and weapons came from the bones and horns. Once the other parts had been disposed of, the children used the buffalo’s ribs as sleds.
The passage indicates that the Indians chased the buffalo into deep snow so that the buffalo could NOT ______.
A. escape easily
B. destroy crops
C. frighten their children
D. disturb other animals
[单项选择]Before the 1500’s, the western plains of North America were dominated by farmers. One group, the Mandans, (31) in the upper Missouri River country, primarily in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses (32) close together.
The (33) arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily (34) the attacks of others who might seek to (35) some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise (36) skill to produce the desired results, (37) their northern location meant fleeting growing seasons. Winter often lingered; autumn could (38) by severe frost. For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other (39) might await the wary grower.
Under (40) conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize capable of weathering (41) They began (42
