[名词解释]Transfusion transmitted virus

[简答题]Transfusion of plasma or whole blood increases the volume of circulating blood, A B raising blood pressure and ensuring adequate distribution of oxygenated blood C among the body. D

[填空题]Language system is culturally transmitted, i.e.by teaching and learning, as opposed to g________inheritance.

[单项选择] Influenza Influenza is caused by a virus transmitted from one person to another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by cold like symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. Most people recover completely in about a week. In addition to humans, influenza occurs in pigs, horses, and several other mammals (哺乳动物) as well as in certain wild and domesticated birds. At least some influenza viruses can jump from one species to another. For example, in late 1997 a strain of the influenza virus in chickens’’ began to infect humans in Hong Kong, leading to a massive effect to remove the strain. Many millions of people develop the flu each year. In most years less than 1 percent of those infected die. Nonetheless, this translates into large numbers. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that influenza causes more than 20,000 deaths in the United States each
A. Y
B. N
C. NG

[单项选择]Passage 4 Despite the fact that today virus are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants, there exists a great reluctance to accept viruses as being of importance in human cancer. Basic biological phenomena generally do not differ strikingly as one goes from one species to another. It should be recognized that cancer is a biological problem and not a problem that is unique for man. Cancer originates when a normal cell suddenly becomes a cancer which multiplies widely and without apparent restraint. Cancer may originate in many different kinds of cell, but the cancer cell usually continues to carry certain traits of the cell of origin. The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell may have more than one kind of cause, but there is good reason to consider the relationships that exist between viruses and cancer. Since there is no evidence that human cancer, as generally experienced, is infectious, many persons believe that because viruses are infectious age
A. Viruses are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants.
B. Many people don’t believe that viruses cause human cancer.
C. Bioloigical phenomena don’t change much in animals and plants.
D. Cancer may originate in certain kinds of cells.

[单项选择]Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U>S> Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”. The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves mak
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

[单项选择]
AIDS is not transmitted through routine, nonintimate contact in the home or the workplace. Transmission from one person to another appears to require either intimate sexual contact or exchange of blood or body fluids (whether from contaminated hypodermic needles or syringes, transfusions of infected blood, or transmission from an infected mother to her child before or during birth).
As of April 1988, 98,000 cases of AIDS had been identified in the United States, and more than 21,000 persons had died of AIDS. Among those who died were well-known figures in the worlds of politics, the arts, entertainment, business, and sports. As has been well publicized, the high-risk groups most in danger of contracting AIDS are homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous (IV) drug users, and their sexual partners. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that AIDS is a particular danger for the urban poor, in good part bec
A. all HIV carriers are doomed to die
B. only those who show clinical evidence of AIDS will pass on the virus
C. the number of AIDS cases will be reduced in the 1990s
D. IV drug users are a high-risk group vulnerable to AIDS infection

[填空题]To diagnose influenza, the virus must be identified by using a microscope.

[填空题]The virus may then he inactive for years.