[单项选择]Passage Five There are millions of left-handed people in the world. A number of them got together in 1975 to form an association called Left-handers International. The purpose of the organization is to fight discrimination (particularly to jobs) and to inform the public. They want everybody to understand the left-handers are neither “strange” nor sick nor dangerous. Many studies have been made recently about hand preference in humans. They have brought interesting results. It has been found, for instance, that many more men than women are left-handed; that all children use both hands about equally until they are three years old; and that hand preference is not clearly marked until age six. Above that age, most people not only favour one particular hand but also have a favourite eye, a favourite ear and foot. We know that the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain, which seems that this particular half is the seat of emotions, imagination, and
A. To create new jobs
B. To promote equality
C. To show discrimination
D. To study hand preference

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[单项选择]Passage Five There are millions of left-handed people in the world. A number of them got together in 1975 to form an association called Left-handers International. The purpose of the organization is to fight discrimination (particularly to jobs) and to inform the public. They want everybody to understand the left-handers are neither “strange” nor sick nor dangerous. Many studies have been made recently about hand preference in humans. They have brought interesting results. It has been found, for instance, that many more men than women are left-handed; that all children use both hands about equally until they are three years old; and that hand preference is not clearly marked until age six. Above that age, most people not only favour one particular hand but also have a favourite eye, a favourite ear and foot. We know that the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain, which seems that this particular half is the seat of emotions, imagination, and
A. Before birth
B. At birth
C. At age three
D. At age six

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Passage Five

The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person commit- ting accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterizsd by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until youn
A. An outline for future research.
B. An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms.
C. An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.
D. A discussion of research finding in an ongoing inquiry.

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[单项选择]Passage Five

Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medicare, Medicaid, and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problems of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those reforms are good or bad, whether they deal with the basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.
Major policy changes that affect the public at large can o
A. a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement program.
B. the reform of welfare.
C. major policy changes
D. government debt.
E. all of the above.

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[单项选择]Passage Five

A complex operation called spinal fusion has emerged as the treatment of choice for many kinds of back pain. But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most patients, spinal fusion works any better than a simpler operation, the lamineetomy (椎板切除术). Some people would be better off with no surgery at all. Even doctors who favor fusions say that more research is needed on their benefits.
In the absence of better data, critics point to a different reason for the fusion operation’s fast rise: money. Medicare can pay a surgeon as much as four times more for a spinal fusion as for a laminectomy. Hospitals also collect two to four times as much. "We all cave in to market and economic forces," said Dr. Edward C. Benzel. Though doctors, as a rule, should favor the least complicated treatment—wi
A. Spinal fusion provides a better cure than other treatments.
B. Spinal fusion is no good to patients suffering from back pains.
C. There is limited evidence as to which treatment is better.
D. Doctors have great confidence in the benefits of spinal fusion.

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