A large number of documents are used in the modern international trade such as marine bills of lading, letter of credit，insurance policy, commercial invoice, packing list, air waybill etc. The (1) is a document of title, the holder of which can get the goods at the port of destination from the carrier. (2) is the most common method of making international payments. The (3) mainly functions as receipt of the goods for dispatch, evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor in air transportation. (4) is an evidence of insurance contract issued by the insurer to the assured in which stipulating each party’s rights and responsibilities. (5) is a document issued by the authorized body in the exporter’s country stating the country of origin of the goods.
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A large proportion of the studies of behavior used animals as subjects, especially pigeons, rats, and rabbits. There are a number of reasons why researchers in this field frequently choose to conduct their experiments with nonhuman subjects. First of all, the possibility of a placebo effect is minimized with animal subjects. 46)Whereas a human subject’’s behavior may be drastically altered by the knowledge that he or she is being observed, this is unlikely with animal subjects because most studies with animal subjects are conducted in such a way that the animal does not know its behavior is being monitored and recorded. Furthermore, it is unlikely that an animal subject will be motivated either to please or displease the experimenter, a motive that can ruin a study with human subjects. A second reason for using animal subjects is convenience. The species most commonly used as subjects are easy and inexpensive to care for, and animals of a specific age and sex can be o
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