Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the clock involvement their partners have always dreamed of--handling night feedings, packing lunches and bandaging knees. But unlike women, many find they’re negotiating their new roles with little support or information. "Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models," says Jan Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers’ support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地)on the playground.
The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder; traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave(父亲的陪产假) even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements.
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| {{I}}Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At
the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the
following five questions. Now listen to the interview.{{/I}} |
原始地球形成后的八亿年，其内部逐渐变热使局部熔融并超过铁的熔点，原始地球中的金属铁、镍及硫化铁熔化，并因密度大而流向地球的中心部位，从而形成液态铁质地核。同时，地球的平均温度进一步上升(可达约2000℃)，引起地球内部大部分物质熔融，比母质轻的熔融物质向上浮动，从热带到地表，经冷却后又向下沉没。这种对流作用控制下的物质移动，使原始地球产生全球性的分异，演化成分层的地球，即中心为铁质地核，表层为低熔点的较轻物质组成的最原始的陆核，陆核进一步增生，扩大形成地壳。地核与地壳之间为地幔。分异作用是地球内部最重要的作用，它导致了地壳及大陆的形成，并导致大气和海洋的形成。所以说，我们的地球是原始地球再生的，这个再生过程大约发生在40亿年前(或说 37亿年前至45亿年前之间)，即我们已经发现的最古老岩石的形成时期之前。
氢和氧合成的水，原先 ______ 于一些矿物中。当原始地球变热并部分 ______ 时，水释放出来并随熔岩运移到地表，大部分以蒸气状态 ______，其余部分在漫长的地质历史进程中逐渐 ______ 大洋。
在原始地球变热而产生分异作用的过程中，从地球内部释放出来的气体形成了大气圈。早期地球的大气圈成分与现代不同，正是由于紫外辐射的能量促使原始大气成分之间发生反应，从无机物质生成有机小分子，然后发展成有机高分子物质组成的多分子体系，再演变成细胞，生命得以开始和进化。
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