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Parkinson’s Disease
1 Parkinson’s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson’s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson’s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common sig
[单项选择]A client with coronary artery disease reports intermittent chest pain that occurs with exertion. The physician prescribes sublingual nitroglycerin. When teaching the client about nitroglycerin administration, the nurse should include which instruction
A. "Be careful after taking nitroglycerin because it may cause dizziness. "
B. "Make sure you replace your nitroglycerin tablets every 6 months to ensure potency. "
C. "A burning sensation after taking nitroglycerin indicates medication potency. "
D. "When you experience chest pain, take one tablet every 30 minutes until the pain is relieved. "
[单项选择]The nurse evaluates the client’s understanding of myasthenia gravis. The nurse would judge that the client has formed a realistic concept of her condition when she says
A. "By taking medication and pacing activities, I will live longer, but ultimately the disease will cause my death. "
B. "By taking medication and pacing activities, my fatigue will be relieved, but I should expect occasional periods of muscle weakness. "
C. "By taking medication and pacing activities, my symptoms will be controlled and eventually the disease will be cured. "
D. "By taking medication and pacing activities, I should be able to control the disease and enjoy a healthy lifestyle. "
[单项选择]The nurse is irrigating a client’s colostomy when the client complains of abdominal cramping after receiving about 100 mL of the irrigating solution. What should the nurse do first
A. Stop the flow of solution temporarily.
B. Reposition the client on to her right side.
C. Remove the irrigation tube.
D. Massage the abdomen gently.
[单项选择]The nurse observes that the client’s total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution is infusing too slowly. The nurse calculates that the client has received 300 mL less than was ordered for the day. What should the nurse do next
A. Assess the infusion system, note the client’s condition, and notify the physician.
B. Discontinue the solution and administer dextrose in 5% water until the infusion problem is resolved.
C. Increase the flow rate to infuse an additional 300 mL over the next hour.
D. Maintain the flow rate at the current rate and document any discrepancy in the chart.
[单项选择]To prevent external rotation of the client’s hips while he is lying on his back, it would be best for the nurse to place
A. firm pillows under the length of his legs.
B. sandbags alongside his legs from knees to ankles.
C. troehanter rolls alongside his legs from ilium to midthigh.
D. a footboard that supports his feet in the normal anatomic position.
[单项选择]The nurse assesses the client’s urinary stoma regularly for edem（ ）.
A. Which of the following signs and symptoms might indicate excessive stomal edemaA. Elevated temperature.
B. Urine output below 30 mL/hour.
C. Urine dribbling from the stoma.
D. Complaints of discomfort around the stom
[单项选择]The nurse identifies a client’s responses to actual or potential health problems during which step of the nursing process
A. Assessment.
B. Analysis.
C. Planning.
D. Evaluation.
[单项选择]The nurse notices that a client’s abdominal wound has eviscerated. Which of the following would the nurse do first
A. Notify the client’s physician immediately.
B. Reinsert the protruding viscera into the abdominal cavity.
C. Place the client in reverse Trendelenburg’s position.
D. Cover the wound with sterile saline-moistened dressings.
[单项选择]While suctioning a client’s laryngectomy tube, the nurse should insert the catheter
A. about 1 to 2 inches.
B. as the client exhales.
C. until resistance is met, then withdraw it 1 to 2 cm.
D. until the client begins coughin
[单项选择]The nurse assesses the client’s burned right arm and notes increasing edema, absence of a radial pulse, and decreased sensation in the fingers. What should be the nurse’s priority response
A. Document findings and recheck in 1 hour.
B. Elevate extremity on one pillow.
C. Implement passive range-of-motion exercises.
D. Notify the physician immediately.
[单项选择]The nurse notices that the client’s pupils are fixed and dilated. What does this finding indicate
A. The client is permanently paralyzed.
B. The client is going to be blind as a result of an injury.
C. The client probably has meningitis.
D. The client has received a significant brain injury.
[单项选择]When bandaging the burned client’s hand, the nurse should pay more attention about which of the following
A. The bandage is free of elastic.
B. The bandage material is moistened with sterile normal saline solution.
C. The hand and finger surfaces do not touch.
D. The hand and fingers are not elevated above heart level.
[单项选择]Which of the following findings in a client’s history would be most likely to predispose her to renal calculi
A. The client takes large doses of vitamin Ｅ.
B. The client drinks one to two glasses of fluid daily.
C. The client had a urinary tract infection within the last 6 months.
D. The client eats a diet that meets the daily requirements for calcium.
[单项选择]While inspecting the client’s chest, the nurse notes that the chest wall contracts on inspiration and bulges on expiration. The nurse suspects which of the following problem from this assessment
A. Hemothorax.
B. Flail chest.
C. Pneumothorax.
D. Tension pneumothorax.
[单项选择]The nurse is delivering the client’s 10 AM medications. The client is away from his room for a diagnostic study. Which action is the most appropriate for the nurse to take
A. Leave the medications on the client’s bedside table.
B. Ask the client’s roommate to keep the medications for the client until he returns.
C. Lock the medications in the medicine preparation area until the client returns.
D. Have the client skip that dose of medication.
