Task 2
Accidents are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to sec: an overloaded tray, a shell’ out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than that there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
It is not
A. Accidents and Anxiety
B. How Accidents Are Caused
C. Human Factors in Accidents
D. How to Prevent Accidents on Roads and in Factories
Text 2
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Enedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into pubic industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’ s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’ s lives.
A. Their work provides insights important to those examining social phenomena affecting the lives of both sexes.
B. Their work can only be used cautiously by scholars in other disciplines.
C. Because they concentrate only on the role of women in the work -place they draw more reliable conclusions than the other historians.
D. Their work has not had an impact on most historians' current assumptions concerning the revolutionary effect of technology in the work-place.
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