Text 1
Until recently, the main villains of the piece had seemed to be the teachers’ unions, who have opposed any sort of reform or accountability. Now they face competition from an unexpectedly destructive force: the court. Fifty years ago, it was the judges who forced the schools to desegregate through Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Now the courts have moved from broad principles to micromanagement, telling schools how much money to spend and where—right down to the correct computer or textbook,
Twenty-four states are currently stuck in various court cases to do with financing school systems, and another 21 have only recently settled various suits. Most will start again soon. Only five states have avoided litigation entirely.
Nothing exemplifies the power of the courts better than an Il-year-old case that is due to be settled (sort of) in New York City, the home of America’s biggest school system with 1. lm students and a bu
A. more money for schools will damage the further advancement
B. better schools will not necessarily result from more money
C. the relationship between input and output is widely ignored
D. politicians argue against more money for the schools
Text 4
Until recently, the common factor in all the science used to figure out if a piece of art was forged was that it was concerned with the medium of the artwork, rather than the art itself. Matters of style and form were left to art historians, who could make erudite, but qualitative, judgments about whether a painting was really good enough to be, say, a Leonardo. But this is changing. A paper in this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Hany Farid and his colleagues at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire uses statistical techniques to examine art itself—the message, not the medium.
Dr. Farid employed a technique called wavelet analysis to examine 13 drawings that had at one time or another been attributed to Pieter Bruegel the Elder, a 16th-century Flemish painter. He also looked at Perugino’s "Madonna with Child", a 15th-century Italian masterpiece lodged in the college’s Hood Museum of Art. He co
A. what the artwork intends to tell
B. the style and form of the work
C. the common factor of science
D. the quality of the artwork
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