Text 4
The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660 -- some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.
The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated Mike, each attained a diff
A. the origins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies.
B. a growing consensus beginning in the 1630’s about what were the attributes of true slavery.
C. the position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s than by reference to their posi- tion in 1640's and 1650’s.
D. the history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than by reference to the improving position of White servants during and after the 1660’s.
Text 4
The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660 -- some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.
The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated Mike, each attained a diff
A. negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as well as of White servants.
B. had the effect of impairing rather than improving the position of White servant.
C. at the very least, caused the position of White servants to remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.
D. at the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes toward Black servants that already existed before the 1660’s.
Text 4
The first great cliche of the Internet was, "Information wants to be free." The notion was that no one should have to pay for "content" words and pictures and stuff like that and, in the friction-free world of cyberspace, no one would have to.
The reigning notion today is that the laws of economics are not, after all, suspended in cyberspace like the laws of gravity in outer space. Content needs to be paid for on the Web just as in any other medium. And it probably has to be paid for the same way most other things are paid for. by the people who use it. We tried charging the customers at Slate. It didn’t work. Future experiments may be more successful. But meanwhile, let’s look again at this notion that in every medium except the Internet, people pay for the content they consume. It’s not really true.
TV is the most obvious case. A few weeks ago a producer from "Nightline" contacted Slate while
A. a media program survives on ad rather than on subscription.
B. the role of ad in helping a program survive is negligible.
C. people indeed pay a certain amount of money for the content.
D. the media can afford to give away the content for free.
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