The new global satellite communications systems will offer three kinds of service, which may overlap in many different kinds of receivers.
VOICE. Satellite telephones will be able to make calls from anywhere on the earth to anywhere else. That could make them especially useful to remote, third world villages (some of which already use stationary satellite telephones), explorers and disaster-relief teams. Today’s mobile telephones depend on earth-bound transmitters, whose technical standards vary from country to country. So business travelers cannot use their mobile phones on international trips Satellite telephones would make that possible.
MESSAGING. Satellite massagers have the same global coverage as satellite telephones, but carry text alone, which could be useful for those with laptop computers. Equipped with a small screen like today’s papers, satellite messages will also receive short messages.
TRACKING. Voice and messaging systems will
A. They are widely used.
B. They are very helpful.
C. They are costly.
D. Both A andB.
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports and exports (the balance of trade), the balance of payments includes private foreign loans (and interest); loans by governments, central banks, and international organizations; and movements of gold or reserve currencies.
An international medium of exchange is required for international trade. From the late 1800s until World War I, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerable to short-term changes in the gold supply.
After the financial instability of the 1930s, the international monetary system was rebuilt foll
A. tying the value of world currencies to the value of gold.
B. greater centralized control of world trade.
C. substituting several different monetary standards for a single unified standard.
D. increasingly stable currencies.
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