Text 2 It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Enedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into pubic industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’ s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’ s lives. Historians, par
A. Statistics showing that the majority ok women now occupy white - collar positions.
B. Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.
C. Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.
D. Census results showing that working women' s wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.
Text 2 It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Enedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into pubic industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’ s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’ s lives. Historians, par
A. It sums up the general points concerning the mechanization of work made in the passage as a whole.
B. It draws a conclusion concerning the effects of the mechanization of work which goes beyond the evidence presented in the passage as a whole.
C. It restates the point concerning technology made in the sentence immediately preceding it.
D. It qualifies the author' s agreement with scholars who argue for a major revision in the assessment of the impact of mechanization on society.
Text 4
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchical ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.
I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of gram mar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.
This should not surprise us in the least. All ’intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethical inquiry proceed like this: we are taught
A. can only be acquired after suffering loss.
B. often generates unacceptable consequences.
C. is cultivated and developed with personal growth.
D. is too abstract to be of any practical value.
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (剧增) of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse (反面) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on mar
A. defy
B. signal
C. suffer from
D. result from
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