Text 4 Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492--new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in
A. could scarcely ward off the fatal attack by the 1952 epidemic.
B. were immunologically defenseless against measles.
C. were the last native people to be struck by a virgin-soil epidemic;
D. did not come into frequent contact with White Americans until the 20th century.
Text 4 Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492--new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in
A. provide support for a hypothesis.
B. reconcile opposing viewpoints.
C. refute a common misconception.
D. analyze an argument in detail.
Text 3
Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and service that took place in eighteenth century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm’ s remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferations of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children’ s toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers What were their motives7 And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries
An answer to the flint of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and
A. investigate the extent of the demand for luxury goods
B. classify the kinds of luxury goods desired by eighteenth century consumers
C. explain the motivation of eighteenth century consumers to buy luxury goods
D. establish the extent to which the tastes of rich consumers were shaped by the middle classes in eighteenth century England
Eating too much fat can distribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（）
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