Text 4 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical activities, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse of capriciousness. Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is nei
A. have not based their analyzes on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.
B. have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than what managers do.
C. have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
D. have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.
Good news is bad news and bad news is good news, newsmen often say to one another. And when you look at the media it’s only too easy to see what they mean. A dictionary definition of the media is mass communication, e.g. the press, television, radio. The media sees its main purpose as giving the public news. Naturally to provide the public with news, the media has first to gather it. The whole function and purpose of the media, then, seems to depend on the word "news", but more important, on how the word is interpreted.
The media like any big business venture today is an extremely competitive world of its own. In providing material for its public it has constantly to make sure it serves the right diet. No public will waste time on your paper or your TV channel otherwise. The sad truth is that there seems only one way to catch an audience—hit them right between the eyes. What started as a mild tap has now become a sledgehammer blow that goes by the na
A. children are useless as reporters.
B. some reporters are like children.
C. children make the best reporters.
D. young reporters give too much detail.
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