Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.
Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here‘s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you‘re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that&lsquo
A. the benefits of manageable stress
B. how to avoid stressful situations
C. how to cope with stress effectively
D. the effects of stress hormones on memory
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other haft could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience it- serf, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant st
A. can be weakened by conditioning
B. can be suppressed by drug injections
C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D. can be altered by electric shocks
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