Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn, (46) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them, (47) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other lands of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (48). The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little
In the following essay, each blank has four choices. Choose the best answer and write down on the answer sheet.
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to (71) information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of (72) such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century, this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information. These advances provide a great opportunity for new developments in a range of areas such as education and commerce. However, there are also a number of problems associated with the growth of (73) in society. In particular, there is a great danger of creating information (74) . This problem can be seen, for example, in business where executives are required to make decisio
A. speak
B. convey
C. tell
D. spread
Text 1
Fossils are the remains and traces ( such as footprints or other marks) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old. They range in size from microscopic structures to dinosaur skeletons and complete bodies of enormous animals. Skeletons of extinct species of humans are also considered fossils.
An environment favorable to the growth and later preservation of organisms is required for the occurrence of fossils. Two conditions are almost always present: (1) The possession of hard parts, either internal or external, such as bones, teeth, skulls, shells, and wood; these parts remain after the rest of the organism has decayed. Organisms that lack hard parts, such as worms and jellyfish, have left few geologic records. (2) Quick burial of the dead organism, so that protection is afforded against weathering, bacterial action, etc.
Nature provides many situations in which the remains of animals and plants are protected against
A. it used to live in the arctic area only.
B. it lived in Siberia long ago.
C. it is extinct today.
D. it is a long-haired mammal.
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