Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence". However, our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.
Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).
Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Mos
A. follow suit
B. live close to relatives
C. integrate themselves into the mainstream society
D. escape persecution
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. , one of the six companies, created out of the (1) national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth (2) , its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations (3) is drawing interest.
In a plan dubbed "Station Renaissance" that it (4) in November, JR East said that it would (5) using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to (6) more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up (7) for such goods, as books, flowers and groceries purchased (8) the Internet. In a country (9) urbanites depend heavily on trains (10) commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company (11) . So, picking up purchases at train stations spare (12) extra travel and missed home deliveries.
JR East already has been using its station (13)
A. locations
B. entrances
C. vicinities
D. districts
Many mobile operators already offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are sent (1) across their third-generation (3G) networks. In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more (2) than sending video across mobile networks; similar broadcasts will begin in Japan in April. Similar mobile-TV networks will also be built in Finland and America, and are being (3) in many other countries.
Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which (4) a video-capable version of its iPod portable music player in this October, is (5) a bargain with television networks to expand the (6) of shows that can be purchased (7) viewing on the device. And mobile TV was one of the big (8) at the world’s largest technology fair, the Consumer Electronic Show.
(9) all this activity, however, the (10) for mobile TV are unclear. For a s
A. as if
B. even if
C. if only
D. if
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