As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since these do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old one but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which might be expected to kill them. When a word has several meanings historical circumstances often, make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus "station" is now more likely to mean a railway station than anything else; "speculation" more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning "a flat surface" or "a carpenter’s tool to make a surface smooth", but the meaning "an ae
A. we were advised not to accept it
B. we were getting a new edge for a different purpose
C. we saw an example of a good word being misused
D. we saw a word serving for a different purpose
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that 40 percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures ate more prone to get certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. S
A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.
C. Researchers have known about the potential hazards of the food additives for over thirty-five years.
D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the worl
[A] Not everything has changed, of course. As often in the past, the injured policemen were soft targets. One, in Duncannon, was shot as his car was stalled in a traffic jam. The Londonderry officer was wounded as he dropped off his son at school. A friend said he had recently joined the PSNI, which is 23% Catholic, because he believed it very different from the old Protestant-dominated Royal Ulster Constabulary. (He had, however, moved house.) The Real IRA answered Sinn Fein’s pleas for co-operation with the police by threatening to kill anyone who did so. And the shooting in Dungannon caused a long-delayed meeting of the policing-partnership committee there, to which Sinn Fein had at last sent nominees, to be cancelled.
[B] These events make many anxious. Others, however, note advances. The policemen were shot by men who call themselves the Real IRA, an implicit dismissal of mainstream republicans who support the peace process that six months ago put Martin McCuin
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