[单项选择]

The racial theory of civilization has ceased to be scientifically respectable. Today we only know it as a sophistical excuse for national pride and national hatred. The idea that there is a European race whose peculiar virtue render it fit to dominate the rest of the world, or an English race whose innate qualities make imperialism a duty, or a Nordic race whose predominance in America is the necessary condition of American greatness, and whose purity in Germany is indispensable to the purity of German culture, we know is scientifically baseless and politically disastrous. We know that physical anthropology and cultural anthropology are different studies, and we find it difficult to see how any one have confused them. Consequently we are not inclined to be grateful to Herder for having started so pernicious a doctrine.
It would be possible to defend him by arguing that his theory of racial differences does not in itself give any ground for believing in the superiority of
A. the distinctions between physiology and history
B. the distinctions between different civilizations
C. Herder’s theory of race
D. Herder’s conflicting opinions with Kant

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