The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult (51) many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written (52) . But children speak (53) they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with (54) written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge (55) memorized and passed (56) generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain’s storage capacity is finite. (57) overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles (58) through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society (59) permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology.
It might be argued (60) today we have electronic means of recording sound and (61) to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete. (62) writing became extinct, ther
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D, the Byzantine Empire staged an almost un- paralleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguish the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained al- most half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated
A. had eliminated the Bulgarian army.
B. were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus.
C. were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate's military forces.
D. had achieved control of Byzantine governmental structures
我来回答:
