California families are facing a rapidly mounting uphill battle to make enough money to provide basic household essentials, according to a new study conducted by the California Budget Project.
The research compiled by the Sacramento-based non-profit organization concluded an average two-parent family with one employed adult in California needs to make $51,177 a year, or $24.60 cents an hour, to pay for housing, transportation, food, utilities, child care, health coverage, taxes and other basic expenses.
The number grows significantly higher in the Bay Area, the state’s most expensive region. A Bay Area family of four with two working adults living in rental housing needs a combined income of $79,946 to cover essential needs. That number is more than four times greater than the $19,157 income level recognized by the federal government as impoverished.
The study is the fourth semi-annual survey conducted by the California Budget Project since 1999.
A. What jobs are available to support families.
B. How people can save more money.
C. How to get a good deal on a new car.
D. What kinds of houses they should buy.
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| 阅读下列短文。回答下列问题 美国科学家声称，每人生来有两个脑，即颅脑与肠脑。 肠脑位于食管、胃脏、小肠与结肠内层组织的鞘中，含有神经细胞、神经传递质、蛋白质和复杂的环行线路。结肠炎、过敏性肠综合症等都与肠脑内产生的问题有关。肠脑中几乎能找到颅脑赖以运转和控制的所有物质，如血清素、多巴胺、谷氨酸、去甲肾上腺素、一氧化氮等。此外，肠脑中还存在多种被称为神经肽的脑蛋白、脑啡肽以及对神经起显著作用的化学物质。 颅脑面临惊恐时释出的应激激素会冲击胃脏以生痉挛；惊恐又引起交感神经影响肠脑的血清素分泌量。 应激激素过分刺激还会导致腹泻。当情绪压抑时，食管神经受到高度刺激会感到吞咽困难；颅脑释出的应激激素还会改变胃脏与食管间的神经功能，导致胃灼热。 最初的脑神经系统起始于管形动物，生存竞争需要更复杂的颅脑，从而发展了中枢神经系统。重要的肠神经系统不能进入头颅与胃肠相联，而为了适应高级动物进食和消化的需要，自然法则就保存了有独立功能的肠神经系统。就人而言，早期胚胎发育中产生的神经脊，一部分进入了中枢神经系统。另一部分变成肠神经系统，通过迷走神经连接两者——颅脑和肠脑。 |
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