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A Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker’s "mental age", as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to derive a number that he called the "intelligence quotient", or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinage that has had a greater impact of the way people think about themselves and others.
No country embraced the IQ--and the application of IQ testing to restructure society--more thoroughly than the U.S.. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant of Binet’s original test, the Stanford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purpose Binet intended. He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, a
A. 0.8
B. 0.9
C. 1.0
D. 1.2