Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge.
This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, b
A. the relationship of humans to the external nature.
B. the immense difficulties involved in self-realization.
C. the emphasis upon the individual as an universal one.
D. the human nature and its dependency on the world and universe.
帕金森氏症患者表现为运动时不自主震颤，十分痛苦。研究时发现患者神经末梢“多巴胺”明显缺乏，现在已知一种药物“利血平”可与“多巴胺”作用，使多巴胺失去效用，从而表现为运动时不自主震颤。
以下为实验材料、实验步骤并预测结果以验证假设。
①实验材料和用品：一定浓度的“利血平”溶液、一定浓度的“多巴胺”溶液、小白鼠、生理盐水、注射器等。
②实验步骤：
a．分组：把生长发育状况相同的健康小鼠分为数目相同的甲、乙两组
b．不同处理并观察：（）
c．再处理并观察：（）
③实验结果：（）
④结论：（）
社会主义精神文明建设的根本任务是（）。
①培育“四有”公民
②建设和谐文化，培育文明风尚
③提高中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质
④坚持先进文化的前进方向
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