[单项选择]In ancient times the most important exams were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same into existence with the great increase, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory.
Certainly, dur
A. before the Middle Ages
B. around the 19th century
C. in Greece or Rome
D. machines to take tests

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