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Natural Selection

First coined by Darwin, the term natural selection refers to the process at the core of evolutionary theory. Simply put, Darwin believed that every living organism had to struggle to survive and reproduce. By random chance, some individuals in a species would have characteristics that made them better adapted to this struggle than their contemporaries. Such individuals would be more likely to reproduce and pass their characteristics on to their offspring. Over many generations, a series of small differences in characteristics would accumulate, until eventually the creatures that were produced would be so different from their original ancestors that they would constitute a new species. ■

• (A) Although Darwin did not know how variations between individual members of the same species were able to arise in the first place or how such traits could then be passed on from species to species, we now know that this process
  A. There is nothing controversial about the now widely accepted view that some traits are selected because they benefit the species.
  B. The old view of evolution is utterly wrong and needs to be replaced with a wholly new theory of the creation of species.
  C. The gene for homosexuality will eventually be completely phased out of the gene pool for every living species.
  D. The human trait of being altruistic is more beneficial to humankind as a whole than it is to any particular human bein