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Petroleum

Petroleum, like coal, is found in sedimentary rocks, and was probably formed from long-dead living organisms. The rocks in which it is found are almost always of ocean origin and the petroleum-forming organisms must have been ocean creatures rather than trees.
Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton, the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layers of the ocean.
The fat of living organisms consists of atom combinations that are chiefly made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It does not take much in the way of chemical change to turn that into petroleum. It is only necessary that the organisms settle down into the ooze underlying shallow arms of the ocean under conditions of oxygen shortage. Instead of decomposing and decaying, the fat accumulates, is trapped under further layers of ooze,

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