The psychologist Edwin G. Boring preferred "current of belief" as the English expression for the German word Zeitgeist, used by Goethe in 1827 to describe what comes together in the minds of many "neither by agreement nor by self-determined under the multiplicity of climates of opinion." That current runs above the multiple conversations conducted about how to interpret the past, how to assess the present, and how to predict and prepare for the future. For more than a century, social science has participated in all of these conversations, informing the climates of opinion that shape society, culture, and polities.
Writing on the relationship between public opinion and representative government, the historian Lewis Namier asked, "Where is it to be found And how is it to be ascertained How many people hold clear articulate views even about the most important national concerns And if their views are original and well-grounded, what chance is there of
A. the role of government may offer the ideological stability
B. social security, medicare, and mortgage deductions matters a lot
C. political assumptions on society and economics are ideologically stable
D. government's function is maintaining public order and rectifying injustice
For those who regard the al-Jazeera TV channel as a biased, anti-western mouthpiece for Osama bin Laden, the announcement that it will start broadcasting 24 hours a day in English next year will be unwelcome. Its likeliest audience is Muslims (1) the Middle East who do not speak Arabic. Will al-Jazeera’s reports of suffering and rage in Iraq and beyond inspire anger (2) America and its (3) at home, too
The new service may prove a bit less (4) than its Arabic sibling. Nigel Parsons, its managing editor, says that al-Jazeera has been too strident on (5) in the past, and that the English channel will (6) to redress that. It will strive (7) balance, credibility and authority, he says, and it will signal a new maturity for al-Jazeera, which was started by the emir of Qatar in 1996.
It will broadcast its own original content—news, documentaries and talk shows— (8) studios in Doha, London and Washi
A. forgotten
B. neglected
C. deserted
D. disregarded
Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (21) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, (22) embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to (23) the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.
(24) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, (25) broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (26) .
It has been known as a fact that a British has a (27) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (28) . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (29) forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and (30) to everyone. This may be s
A. started
B. conducted
C. replaced
D. proposed
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