Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SI-IEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals/’ For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which
A. is cited with high frequency in. the publications of other scientists
B. is accepted immediately by the scientific community
C. does t Jot relegate particulars to the role of dam
D. introduces a new valid generalization
Observe that for the programmer,as for chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客)may govern the scheduled completion of the task,but it cannot govern the actual completion.An omelette(煎鸡蛋),promised in two minutes,may appear to be progressing nicely.But when it has not set in two minutes,the customer has two choices-waits or eats it raw.Software customers have had ()choices.
Now I do not think software()have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs,nor than other engineering managers.But false()to match the patron’s desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering.It is very()to make a vigorous,plausible,and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method,supported by little data,and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers. Clearly two solutions are needed.We need to develop and publicize productivity figures,bug-incidence figures,estimating rules,and so on.The whole profession can
A. testers
B. constructors
C. managers
D. architects
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