题目详情:

[单项选择]
我国传统戏剧以“戏”和“曲”为主要因素，故称“戏曲”。戏曲，是以演员表演来中心，以唱、念、做、打等手段为基础，融文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术、武术、杂技等为一体的综合性舞台艺术。今天，元杂剧和明清传奇虽已“有曲无戏”，但其剧本仍有极高的鉴赏价值。杂剧和传奇的戏曲语言由曲词、宾白、科介组成。三维互动，以推动情节发展、刻画人物形象，给群众以听觉与视觉的艺术享受。鉴赏古代语言，重点自然在曲词与宾白。当然，要论及整体舞台效果，还是离不开“三维动画”的体味。鉴赏古代戏曲语言，要结合剧情品味戏文，不仅要理解语意，注意修辞，而且要体会这样写的效果与蕴涵的情味，特别要关注形象化、情感化的语言对推动情节发展与塑造血肉丰满的剧中人物所起的作用。且看《窦娥冤》中[滚绣球]一曲，呼告、对比、对偶、反问、反复等修辞格频出现迭见，毫无花拳绣腿之嫌，极尽强化舞台效果之力。古代戏曲的戏文讲究用典，富有文化内涵，但也力求语言的通俗化，不避口语俚俗，力求宜于表演、易于接受。这是古代戏曲语言又一个鉴赏点。《窦娥冤》中[快活三]。“将来的酒共食，尝着似土和泥。假若便是土和泥，也有些土气息，泥滋味”，可以说是口语的韵律化。正因如此，许多优秀剧目，既让“勾栏瓦肆”的市井观众叫好，又引来文人雅士捧场。李渔《闲情偶寄》云：“戏文做与读书人与不读书人同看，又与不读书之妇人与小儿同看”，要“手则握笔，口却登场”。这位戏剧评论家道出了编剧者的心机。鉴赏古代戏曲语言，要注意曲词的抒情性与音韵美。《长亭送别》中[叨叨令]与《袁江南》中 [离亭宴带歇拍煞]就很值得玩味。前者使用儿化韵，妙用修辞，借生动形象的语言，营造出浓重的抒情氛围。后者对仗、整句俯拾即是，衬字、赘韵、重韵恰到好处，节奏鲜明，收到以声传情的绝佳效果。我国是诗歌的国度。古代诗歌情景交融、注重意境的传统营养了戏曲创作，以至借景抒情成为表达剧中人物思想感情、展现性格特点的重要戏剧语言。《长亭送别》中[端正好]“碧云天，黄花地，西风紧，北雁南飞，晓来谁染枫林醉，总是离人泪”，
A. 戏曲要有听觉和视觉的艺术享受
B. 戏曲剧本要有极高的鉴赏价值
C. 戏曲的戏文要用典，富有文化内涵
D. 戏曲语言要通俗、有文采，宜于接受和表演，力求达到雅俗共赏的效果

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