考博英语-348

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考博英语-348
[单项选择]When plutonium undergoes fission, its atoms break apart, giving off a great deal of energy
A. recoil
B. soften
C. fester
D. split
[单项选择]They ______ those who didn't conform to their ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them.
A. explored
B. persecuted
C. extended
D. pinched
[单项选择]The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradiction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.
[简答题]从二十世纪中叶起，各国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应，理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣，科学技术因此而有了飞速的发展。但与此同时，人们忽视厂对人文科学和社会科学的学习，公民对道德观念和社会准则在生活中的意义缺乏认识。这在一定程度上导致了以下后果：地方、民族和国际间的暴力冲突层出不穷，环境污染日益严重，这些都给人类生活带来了危险。因此，在教育中应纠正重理轻文的倾向，在生活中恢复人文主义的价值，以求物质文明和精神文明的平衡发展。
[单项选择]Ice skates manufactured entirely of iron were first sold in the 1800's.
A. mainly
B. successfully
C. solely
D. routinely
[单项选择]In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to. make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this "work ethic", especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous.
Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job.
In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to one’s daily work—an acknowledgment of a man’s being In
A. there is a shortage of daily necessities
B. people fight each other for necessities
C. most people feel the financial pressure
D. everyone lives a hard life
[简答题]Genius
The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and (56) its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. (57) The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.
Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. (58) Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful— such as common sense, attention,
[单项选择]Susan Clinton's participation in the Progressive Movement was far-reaching, embracing such causes as labor legislation and housing reforms.
A. timely
B. voluntary
C. extensive
D. admirable
[单项选择]I can't read your writing. It is ______.
A. legible
B. illegible
C. eligible
D. ineligible
[单项选择]In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people.
A. joined
B. replaced
C. influenced
D. given way to
[单项选择]Frederica Von Stade has sung in opera houses throughout the United States and abroad.
A. on the radio
B. on recordings
C. in private home
D. in other countries
[单项选择]One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm.
A. harmful
B. elegant
C. versatile
D. prevalent
[单项选择]The meeting was ______ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.
A. presumed
B. propelled
C. presided
D. pricked
[单项选择]Ice can be used to keep food from spoiling.
A. rotting
B. aging
C. toughening
D. evaporating
[单项选择]They worked for three days in ______ without feeling tried.
A successive B. succession C. succeeding D. successful
[简答题]Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering has been defined as the creative application of "scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination." The term engineering is sometimes more loosely defined, especially in Great Britain, as the manufacture or assembly of engines, machine tools, and machine parts.
Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and
[单项选择]Braille, the universally accepted system of writing used by blind persons, consists of sixty- three characters.
A. catalog
B. method
C. committee
D. punctuation
[单项选择]The boy was not ______ to leave class without an adequate reason.
A. emitted
B. admitted
C. permitted
D. remitted
[单项选择]His strange behavior had greatly ______ me and my friends as well that evening.
A. perplexed
B. exhausted
C. exclaimed
D. exceeded
[单项选择]Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims.
A. encouraged
B. hindered
C. nullified
D. crowned
[单项选择]Harriet Beecher Stowe, in her antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, aimed to stir the consciences of her readers.
A. heed
B. appease
C. confuse
D. awaken
[单项选择]The United States Capitol building, in Washington, D. C. , is set in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.
A. secluded
B. situated
C. exhibited
D. encircled
[单项选择]They awoke to find toe maid had left the remnants of dinner on the table.
A. list of items for
B. invitations to
C. leftovers of
D. preparations for
[单项选择]A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is "transgenesis", which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes—say, one that codes for resistance to a certain disease—it can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal. The several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk.
The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryo’s strands of gen
A. embryos
B. pigs, sheep and goats
C. commercial science
D. improvement of animal strains
[单项选择]When he formed his own company in 1949, Minoru Yamasaki had had years of experience with New York's top architectural firms.
A. tallest
B. chief
C. except
D. like
[单项选择]The place ______ me very much.
A. interested
B. disinterested
C. uninterested
D. interesting
[单项选择]The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.
A. relied upon
B. hindered
C. linked with
D. imitated
[单项选择]Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.
A. outlandish
B. exclusive
C. exempted
D. remote
[单项选择]For many years, Mark has been suffering from the ______ that he is a great man.
A. elusion
B. illusion
C. allusion
D. delusion
[单项选择]He gradually ______ that her parents had been right and his decision had to be modified.
A. perceived
B. pioneered
C. plagued
D. transformed
[单项选择]Mr Wang's behavior is______
A. contemptuous
B. contemplative
C. contemptible
D. contemporaneous
[单项选择]Absent impartiality on the part of the psychotherapist, a patient's conflicts may be exacerbated.
A. indifference
B. objectivity
C. voiced concern
D. engagement
[单项选择]In various parts of the world, the devout participate enthusiastically in public procession during the major events of the liturgical year.
A. pious
B. serious
C. diseased
D. misled
[单项选择]Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin.
A. speaking for
B. running risks for
C. pleading for
D. mourning for
[填空题]Old people are always saying that the young people are not (61) they were. The same comment is (62) from generation to generation and it is always (63) . It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy (64) freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so (65) on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are (66) more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is (67) from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.
The old always assume that they know best for the simple (68) that they have been (69) a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the (70) are doing. They are questioning the (71) of their eiders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to (72) that the older ge
[单项选择]The members of the dub voted to ______ the meeting until after lunch.
A. adjourn
B. adjoin
C. adjust
D. adjudge
[单项选择]His plan was ______ by the committee.
A. rejected
B. dejected
C. objected
D. projected
[单项选择]The boy could not ______ the temptation of the piece of chocolate and revealed the secret.
A. persist
B. resist
C. desist
D. insist
[单项选择]Henry Tanner received widespread recognition for his naturalistic paintings of plantation life.
A. profits
B. storage
C. attention
D. invitations
[单项选择]Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not.
A. an example
B. a violation
C. a problem
D. an indication
[单项选择]I could never spend the time that he does poring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.
A. delicate
B. incomprehensible
C. meaningless
D. complicated
[单项选择]The debtors did not allow them to ______ payment of their debts.
A. defer
B. infer
C. confer
D. refer
[单项选择]According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem ______ all sports events.
A. repels
B. remarks
C. precedes
D. requires
[单项选择]Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.
A. determined
B. argued
C. pretended
D. hypothesized
[单项选择]Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is more resonant than that of the violin.
A. more vibrant
B. more harmonious
C. softer
D. sadder.
[单项选择]Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal
A. a criminal must be severely punished
B. a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done
C. a criminal must be given a punishment that he deserves
D. a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth
[单项选择]The upshot of all this was that travelling had become precarious.
A. glorious
B. fun
C. expensive
D. dangerous